8. 8.3 R'm 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 Total Gross of reinsurance Estimates of undiscounted gross cumulative claims 106 113 100 104 153 198 773 At end of accident year One year later 109 122 104 121 163 198 – Two years later 104 116 113 114 153 – – Three years later 104 116 99 104 – – – Four years later 104 112 100 – – Five years later 104 113 – – Six years later 106 – – Cumulative gross claims paid and other directly attributable expenses paid (104) (110) (96) (89) (118) (110) (628) Gross cumulative claims liabilities for accident years from 2014 to 2023 1 2 4 14 35 88 144 Effect of discounting (10) Gross liabilities for incurred claims 1 2 4 14 35 88 134 Net of reinsurance Estimates of undiscounted net cumulative claims 106 113 99 102 149 192 760 At end of accident year One year later 109 122 102 118 158 192 Two years later 104 116 110 111 149 Three years later 104 116 98 102 Four years later 104 112 99 Five years later 104 113 Six years later 106 Cumulative net claims paid and other directly attributable expenses paid (104) (110) (95) (89) (117) (110) (625) Net cumulative claims liabilities for accident years from 2014 to 2023 1 2 4 13 32 82 134 Effect of discounting (9) Net liabilities for incurred claims 1 2 4 13 32 82 125 Accident year Claims development Short-term insurance liabilities(continued) Disclosure of actual claims compared with previous estimates Actual claims payments are compared with previous estimates of the undiscounted amounts of the claims in the below claims development disclosure as at 31 December 2023: NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued) for the year ended 31 December 2023 151 Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
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